What is the primary consequence of a heavier aircraft needing to maintain a lower rate of descent?

The primary consequence of a heavier aircraft needing to maintain a lower rate of descent is the risk of overspeed. In aviation, when an aircraft is heavier, it generally requires a slower descent to safely manage its landing approach while also adhering to the necessary performance characteristics. If the aircraft descends too quickly, it can reach speeds that exceed the design limits of the aircraft, potentially leading to overspeed conditions. Overspeed can affect various systems on the aircraft, including the engines and structural components, which may result in reduced control and increased safety risks.

This need for careful speed management during descent is particularly crucial because heavier aircraft naturally have increased inertia and may take longer to decelerate once on approach. The pilots must ensure they maintain an appropriate descent rate to keep the speed within safe limits, avoiding any scenario that could lead to excessive airspeeds during landing phases.