What is a katabatic wind?

A katabatic wind is a specific type of wind that occurs as cold, dense air flows downhill, typically due to the influence of gravity. This phenomenon is most commonly observed in mountainous regions or areas where colder air collects at higher elevations. As the air cools at the top of a mountain or hill, it becomes denser than the surrounding air. When this cold air moves downward, it can accelerate due to its weight, resulting in strong winds that flow down the slope.

This process is particularly pronounced in the evening and overnight when temperatures drop, causing the air at higher elevations to cool and then cascade downwards, leading to localized winds at lower altitudes. The characteristics of katabatic winds differentiate them from other types of winds, such as anabatic winds, which rise up the slope. Understanding katabatic winds is essential in fields such as meteorology and aviation, as they can significantly impact weather patterns and flight operations in mountainous areas.