What does the takeoff run required (TORR) include?

The takeoff run required (TORR) is a critical parameter in aviation that determines how much distance is necessary for an aircraft to safely reach the speed required for takeoff, known as unstick speed. This distance includes not only the distance needed to achieve that speed but also incorporates safety factors such as environmental conditions, aircraft weight, and typical variations that can affect performance.

These safety factors ensure that the aircraft has ample distance to account for potential issues that may arise during takeoff, like engine performance variability or adverse weather conditions. It's essential for pilots and flight planners to understand TORR to ensure safe and efficient aircraft operations.

While options mentioning the total runway length available or additional lengths such as clearways may relate to overall runway design and available operational limits, they do not specifically define the TORR, which is focused on the distance needed to achieve unstick speed in a safe manner. Similarly, the distance required for landing is entirely separate from the calculations for takeoff performance. Therefore, option B accurately captures the essence of TORR by emphasizing both the distance to reach required speed and the necessary safety considerations involved in that distance.