How does the ITCZ vary over land compared to over the ocean?

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) exhibits significant differences in its behavior over land compared to over the ocean. The ITCZ is a band of low pressure where trade winds from both hemispheres meet, and it typically corresponds with the area of maximum heating and rainfall.

Over land, the ITCZ tends to move more extensively due to the variability in land temperature and the influence of geographic features such as mountains, deserts, and vegetation. Land heats and cools more rapidly than water, causing changes in air pressure and temperature that affect the ITCZ's positioning. The seasonal shifts in monsoon patterns, particularly in tropical regions, also contribute to this variability, leading to pronounced movement of the ITCZ over land.

In contrast, over the ocean, the ITCZ is generally less variable. The ocean surface temperature is relatively stable compared to land, which results in a more consistent position of the ITCZ. The sea surface influences the atmospheric conditions in a more uniform manner, resulting in a smaller variability in the zone's movement.

Therefore, the correct answer highlights that the ITCZ exhibits a larger movement over land compared to its more stable position over the ocean due to the different thermal properties and characteristics of land versus water surfaces.