For maximum range, should an aircraft be loaded to a forward or aft centre of gravity?

For maximum range, an aircraft should ideally be loaded to an aft center of gravity. This positioning takes advantage of aerodynamic efficiency. When the center of gravity is located towards the aft of the aircraft, the aircraft experiences reduced drag during flight. This is because an aft center of gravity allows for a more streamlined aerodynamic profile, resulting in less resistance to airflow and enabling the aircraft to cover longer distances using less fuel.

While it is important to ensure the center of gravity remains within safe operational limits, an optimized aft center of gravity configuration helps in enhancing overall fuel efficiency and extends the operational range of the aircraft.

In contrast, a forward center of gravity can lead to increased drag and require additional power to maintain level flight, which is less desirable for maximizing range. Maintaining a neutral or variable center of gravity may not exploit the benefits related to aerodynamic performance in the same way as an aft configuration does, making it less effective for long-range operations.